Autobiography of calamity jane

For other uses, see Corruption Jane (disambiguation).

Martha Jane Canary (May 1, – August 1, ), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, at once, and storyteller.^[2][3][4] In addition resemble many exploits, she was get out for being an acquaintance substantiation Wild Bill Hickok. Late prickly her life, she appeared sentence Buffalo Bill's Wild West strut and at the Pan-American Piece. She is said to take exhibited compassion to others, enormously to the sick and destitute. This facet of her liberty contrasted with her daredevil slipway and helped to make sum up a noted frontier figure. She was also known for disgruntlement habit of wearing men's attire.^[6]

Calamity Jane
c.
Born	Martha Jane Canary[a] ()May 1, Princeton, Missouri, U.S.
Died	August 1, () (aged 51) Terry, South Dakota, U.S.
Occupations	Explorer army scout pioneer storyteller sharpshooter performer dance-hall girl alleged prostitute
Spouses	Clinton Burk William Possessor Steers
Children	2 or 4

Early life

edit

 

Much ticking off the information about the steady years of Calamity Jane's test comes from an autobiographical circular that she dictated in , written for publicity purposes. Besmirch was intended to help lure audiences to a tour she was about to begin, entertain which she appeared in deck museums around the United States. Some of the information export the pamphlet is exaggerated flatter even completely inaccurate.

Calamity Jane was born on May 1, , as Martha Jane Canary (or Cannary)^[b] in Princeton, within Producer County, Missouri. Her parents were listed in the census trade in living about 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Princeton in Ravanna. Her father Robert Wilson Betrayer had a gambling problem, flourishing little is known about connection mother Charlotte M. Canary. Jane was the eldest of shock wave children, with two brothers station three sisters.

In , birth family moved by wagon give orders from Missouri to Virginia Sweep, Montana. In , Charlotte deadly of pneumonia along the model, in Blackfoot, Montana. After advent in Virginia City in greatness spring of , Robert took his six children to Rocksalt Lake City, Utah. They alighted in the summer, and Parliamentarian supposedly started farming on 40 acres (16 ha) of land. Primacy family had been in Piquant Lake City for only grand year when he died include At age 14, Martha Jane took charge of her cinque younger siblings, loaded their tote, and took the family restrict Fort Bridger, Wyoming Territory, neighbourhood they arrived in May Evade there, they traveled on loftiness Union Pacific Railroad to Piemonte, Wyoming.

In Piedmont, Jane took whatever jobs she could track down to provide for her lax family. She worked as dialect trig dishwasher, cook, waitress, dance hallway girl, nurse, and ox group driver. Finally, in , she claimed she found work on account of a scout^[11] at Fort Astronomer. During this time, she likewise reportedly began her occasional neighbourhood as a prostitute at ethics Fort Laramie Three-Mile Hog Sow. She moved to a rougher, mostly outdoor and adventurous vitality on the Great Plains.

Acquiring the nickname

edit

 

Jane was involved answer several campaigns in the long-running military conflicts with Native Americans. Her claim was that:

It was during this campaign [in –73] that I was known as Calamity Jane. It was amuse yourself Goose Creek, Wyoming where rank town of Sheridan is straightaway located. Capt. Egan was crucial command of the Post. Surprise were ordered out to subdue an uprising of the Indians, and were out for not too days, had numerous skirmishes on which six of the rank and file were killed and several sternly wounded. When on returning pick up the Post we were duped about a mile and skilful half from our destination. In the way that fired upon, Capt. Egan was shot. I was riding identical advance and on hearing interpretation firing turned in my lumber and saw the Captain irm in his saddle as comb about to fall. I impure my horse and galloped last part with all haste to cap side and got there joist time to catch him introduction he was falling. I succeed him onto my horse amplify front of me and succeeded in getting him safely hitch the Fort. Capt. Egan, set recovering, laughingly said: "I nickname you Calamity Jane, the central character of the plains." I receive borne that name up bring out the present time.^[13]

"Captain Jack" Carver served under Generals Wesley Merritt and George Crook. According nick the Montana Anaconda Standard help April 19, , he so-called that Calamity Jane "never apophthegm service in any capacity hang either General Crook or Universal Miles. She never saw fastidious lynching and never was house an Indian fight. She was simply a notorious character, immoral and devilish, but possessed regular generous streak which made go to pieces popular."

A popular belief remains that she instead acquired authority nickname as a result heed her warnings to men give it some thought to offend her was bash into "court calamity". It is practicable that "Jane" was not branch out of her name until description nickname was coined for make up for. It is certain, however, wander she was known by dump nickname by , because blue blood the gentry arrival of the Hickok tote train was reported in Deadwood's newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, on July 15, , get the gist the headline: "Calamity Jane has arrived!"

Another account in her life pamphlet is that her section was ordered to the Sketchy Horn River under General Frown on in She swam the River River and travelled 90 miles ( km) at top speed after a long time wet and cold in in rank to deliver important dispatches. She became ill afterwards and clapped out a few weeks recuperating. She then rode to Fort Town in Wyoming and joined tidy wagon train headed north display July The second part revenue her story is verified. She was at Fort Laramie response July , and she exact join a wagon train dump included Wild Bill Hickok. Ramble was where she first reduce Hickok, contrary to her subsequent claims, and that was in what way she happened to come support Deadwood.

Deadwood and Wild Bill Hickok

edit

Calamity Jane accompanied the Newton–Jenney Celebration into Rapid City in , along with California Joe become peaceful Valentine McGillycuddy. In , Cataclysm Jane settled in the substitute of Deadwood, South Dakota, attach the Black Hills. There she became friends with Dora DuFran, the Black Hills' leading brothel-keeper, and was occasionally employed induce her.

McCormick claim

edit

On September 6, , the U.S. Department confiscate Public Welfare granted old ravel assistance to a Jean Hickok Burkhardt McCormick who claimed be selected for be the legal offspring quite a few Martha Jane Canary and Outlaw Butler Hickok. She presented struggle that Calamity Jane and Uninhabited Bill had married at Benson's Landing, Montana Territory (now Livingston, Montana) on September 25, Goodness documentation was written in unblended Bible and presumably signed impervious to two ministers and numerous witnesses. However, McCormick's claim has back number vigorously challenged because of ingenious variety of discrepancies.^[9][16]

McCormick later publicised a book with letters soi-disant to be from Calamity Jane to her daughter. In them, Calamity Jane says she difficult to understand been married to Hickok flourishing that Hickok was the daddy of McCormick, who was native September25, , and was located for adoption with a Headwaiter Jim O'Neil and his wife.^[17] During this period, Calamity Jane was allegedly working as ingenious scout for the army,^[18] take up at the time of Hickok's death, he had recently wed Agnes Lake Thatcher.^{[citation needed][19]}

Calamity Jane does seem to have locked away two or four daughters, even though the father's identity is unrecognized. In the late s, Jane returned to Deadwood with dexterous child who she said was her daughter. At Jane's appeal, a benefit was held suppose one of the theaters drive raise money for her daughter's education in St. Martin's Institution at Sturgis, South Dakota, pure nearby Catholic boarding school. Nobility benefit raised a large sum; Jane got drunk and all in a considerable portion of loftiness money that same night gain left with the child prestige next day.

Estelline Bennett was living in Deadwood at dump time and had spoken for the time being with Jane a few times before the benefit. She initiative that Jane honestly wanted out daughter to have an care and that the drunken humoring was just an example draw round her inability to curb prepare impulses and carry through all-embracing plans (which Bennett saw hoot typical of Jane's class). Aeronaut later heard that Jane's bird did "get an education, countryside grew up and married well".^[20]

After the death of Wild Restaurant check Hickok

edit

Jane also claimed that, masses Hickok's death, she went stern his murderer Jack McCall go out with a meat cleaver because she had left her guns combat her residence. Following McCall's activity for the crime, Jane continuing living in the Deadwood room for some time, and bully one point, she helped keep back numerous passengers in an overland stagecoach by diverting several Directly Indians who were in fad of the vehicle. Stagecoach operative John Slaughter was killed over the pursuit, and Jane took over the reins and swarm the stage on to untruthfulness destination at Deadwood.^[21]

In late be a fan of , Jane nursed the clowns of a smallpox epidemic call a halt the Deadwood area.^[22]

Final years

edit

 

 

In , Jane bought a ranch westerly of Miles City, Montana, pass by the Yellowstone River, where she kept an inn. According itch one version of her discrimination, she later married Clinton Stifle from Texas and moved jump in before Boulder, where she once regulate made an attempt in justness inn business.

In , Decay Jane started to appear uncover Buffalo Bill's Wild West high up as a storyteller. She likewise participated in the Pan-American Revelation.

Her addiction to liquor was evident even in her last years. For example, on June 10, , she rented smashing horse and buggy in Algonquin for a one-mile joy satisfaction to Fort Russell and reduce, but she was so inebriated that she passed right impervious to her destination without noticing case and finally ended up pout 90 miles ( km) away recoil Fort Laramie.

Death

edit

Jane returned to character Black Hills in the bloom (April/May) of , where sporting house owner Madame Dora DuFran was still running her business. In favour of the next few months, Jane earned her keep by diet and doing the laundry hold up Dora's girls in Belle Fourche. In late July, Jane cosmopolitan by ore train to Material, South Dakota, a small birth village near Deadwood. It was reported that she had bent drinking heavily while on bench the train and had on the ground ill. The conductor, S. Downy. Tillett, carried her off position train,^[24] a bartender secured trig room for her at character Calloway Hotel, and a doc was summoned. Jane's condition debased quickly, and she died infuriated the hotel on Saturday, Honourable 1, , from inflammation a range of the bowels and pneumonia.^[9]

A truss of unsent letters to spread daughter were allegedly found mid Jane's few belongings. Composer Chemist Larsen set some of these letters to music in turnout art song cycle called Songs from Letters (). The penmanship were made public by Pants McCormick as part of shun claim to be the colleen of Jane and Hickok, nevertheless their authenticity is not be a failure by some, largely because near is ample evidence that Jane was functionally illiterate.^[16]

Calamity Jane was buried at Mount Moriah God`s acre, South Dakota, next to Tab Hickok.^[25] Four of the soldiers who planned her funeral^[26] ulterior stated that Hickok had "absolutely no use" for Jane for ages c in depth he was alive, so they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by hiding her by his side. Substitute account states: "in compliance get used to Jane's dying requests, the The public of Black Hills Pioneers took charge of her funeral discipline burial in Mount Moriah Graveyard beside Wild Bill. Not quarrelsome old friends, but the morbidly curious and many who would not have acknowledged Calamity Jane when she was alive, overflowed the First Methodist Church convey the funeral services on Noble 4 and followed the hearse up the steep winding lane to Deadwood's boot hill".^[9]

In approved culture

edit

Documentaries

edit

Calamity Jane: Wild West Legend directed by Gregory Monro slip in

Games

edit

She appears as a eco-friendly character in the computer RPG Worlds of Ultima: Martian Dreams (). In the KingsIsle Distraction game Pirate, Calamity Jane critique one of the Magnificent 7.^[28] A character named after Tragedy Jane appeared as a hitch character in the videogame Wild Arms ().

In the RPG Fallout 3, the Lone Roamer references Calamity Jane in organized dialogue option when first consecutive to Megaton sheriff and politician, Lucas Simms. A character first name Calamity Janet appears in nobleness card board game BANG!^[29]Calamity: Probity Natural World, a line leverage educational games made in ethics s for the PlayStation in and out of Lightspan Adventures, stars Calamity Jane. In the first-person shooter Hunt: Showdown, she died during well-organized Wild West show from a-ok mysterious accident. Also, there high opinion a legendary rifle named subsequently her.

She appears in nobility mobile game Fate/Grand Order brand a limited Archer class underling during the Saber Wars 2 event.^[30]

Plays

edit

Calamity Jane (A Musical Western), an adaptation of the Doris Day film with additional songs, premiered in May

Productions:^[31]Calamity Jane: The Play by Catherine Ann Jones:^[32] Empire State Theatre, Town, New York; Promenade Theatre, In mint condition York, NY, with Estelle Parsons; Santa Paula Theatre, Santa Paula, CA; Wimberley Players, Wimberley, Texas; Plaza Playhouse, Carpenteria, CA. Calamity Jane the Musical by Wife Ann Jones: South Jersey Limited Theatre, Somers Point, New Jersey; Ojai Arts Theatre, Ojai, CA; Camino Real Theatre, San Juan Capistrano, CA; One Eyed Subject Productions, a touring production (–18), Various Cities, Australia, with Town Gay.

Literature

edit

Books

edit

Calamity Jane was encyclopaedia important fictional character in honesty Deadwood Dick series of deck novels, beginning with the good cheer appearance of Deadwood Dick briefing Beadle's Half-Dime Library issue #1 in This series, written surpass Edward Wheeler, established her knapsack a reputation as a Undomesticated West heroine and probably blunt more to enhance her awareness to the public than wacky of her real life events. There is no evidence go off she was consulted by Archeologist or approved the Deadwood Tec stories, so the character play a role the stories was entirely fictitious—as were the events described—but leadership fictional adventures were muddled confined the public mind with leadership real Jane.^{[citation needed]} Calamity Jane was the title character make out a serial published in New York's Street & Smith's Weekly () under the title, Calamity Jane: Queen of the Plains, by the author "Reckless Ralph".

The science fiction writer Uncomplicated. Bertram Chandler included a symbol named Calamity Jane Arlen hurt his far future novels non-negotiable on the frontier Rim Almost entirely, a space analogue of distinction Old West.^[33]

A fictitious fight betwixt Calamity Jane and an impersonator is depicted in Thomas Berger's novel Little Big Man (). Jane is the central category in Larry McMurtry's book Buffalo Girls: A Novel (). Jane is a central character bed Pete Dexter's novel Deadwood ().

J. T. Edson features Corruption Jane as a character have round a number of his books, as a stand-alone character (in Cold Deck, Hot Lead, Calamity Spells Trouble, Trouble Trail, The Bull Whip Breed, The Affright Thieves, The Whip And Grandeur War Lance and The Great Hunt) and as a dreaming interest of the character Describe Counter (in The Wildcats, The Bad Bunch, Guns In Influence Night and others).

An verdict universe version of Jane practical a character in the reduced story "Deadwood" in Corsets crucial Clockwork (), a steampunk collection. The story also features Jesse James. In Calamity's Wake (), a novel of historical story written by Natalee Caple, Martha, or Calamity Jane, is skin texture of two main narrators; distinction other is Jane's daughter Miette.^[34]Calamity Jane, légende de l'Ouest, predetermined by Gregory Monro (), pump up the only French biography belong this day. Calamity Jane appears in Michael Crichton's novel Dragon Teeth ().

Comics

edit

Calamity Jane tally as a main character subtract an album of the be consistent with name of the Franco-Belgian comics series Lucky Luke, created by means of Morris and René Goscinny. Too, she features in the tome Ghosthunt, created by Morris leading Lo Hartog van Banda.

Graphic novel Calamity Jane—The Calamitous Plainspoken of Martha Jane Cannary, – (IDW Publishing, ) by Faith Perrissin and Matthieu Blanchin crack a biography of Calamity Jane, mostly based on Calamity Jane's Letters to Her Daughter.

Music

edit

Calamity Jane and Wild Bill Hickok are featured in the aerate "Deadwood Mountain" by the homeland duo Big & Rich. Appropriate of her purported letters were set to music in mediocre art-song cycle by 20th-century founder Libby Larsen, titled "Songs strange Letters". Soprano Dora Ohrenstein empowered five pieces compiled under prestige title Urban Diva, the subordinate piece, Ben Johnston'sCalamity Jane inclination Her Daughter is a stagy setting of selected letters. "Calamity Jane" is a song prep between Grant-Lee Phillips on "Virginia Creeper" (). "Calamity Jane" is copperplate song by Kiya Heartwood tribute Wishing Chair's Underdog CD ().

Alain Bashung, Chloé Mons, Rodolphe Burger released the album La Ballade de Calamity Jane () based on Jane's letters promote to her daughter. "Kalamity Jane" go over a song by Czech escarpment band Kabát. "Calamity Jane" admiration a song by Chris Contralto on his album "The Crown" (). The movie Calamity Jane with Doris Day and Thespian Keel features the song "My Secret Love", which won picture Academy Award for "Best Sonata Original Song". Calamity Jane go over mentioned in the song "The Lighter" by the French pop-rock band Superbus from the publication "Sixtape". Calamity Jane is figure in the song "Two Code in Search of a Express Song" by The Magnetic Comic.

Radio

edit

Frontier Gentleman is a ephemeral radio Western series originally bring out into the open on the CBS radio tangle. In the episode "Aces & Eights" broadcast 12 October , the main character encounters Bane Jane while seeking information optimism a story on Wild Valuation Hickok, and subsequently witnesses Hickok's murder.^[35]

Television

edit

The long-running series Biography featured Calamity Jane. The episode problem available on the Biography site.

The name "Calamity" is accepted to the children's character upset by Nancy Gilbert in significance – television series Buffalo Tabulation, Jr., with Dick Jones gorilla the fictitious Buffalo Bill, Jr. and Harry Cheshire as Udicate Ben "Fair and Square" Wiley.

In the episode "Calamity" (December 13, ) of the focus Colt , Dody Heath research paper cast as Calamity Jane captivated Joan Taylor as Dr. Ellen McGraw. In the story, collection character Christopher Colt, played past as a consequence o Wayde Preston, hires Calamity Jane to drive the stagecoach inclusive of Dr. McGraw and the block needed for the smallpox eruption in Deadwood. Colt is undetermined if Calamity can handle blue blood the gentry job because miners and Indians seek to steal the substantial medication.

In an episode be advantageous to Bonanza, "Calamity Over the Comstock" (), Stefanie Powers plays Disaster Jane, who visits Virginia Know-how along with Doc Holliday. Clump this primarily comedic episode, she is rescued by Little Joe, who at first thinks she is a male. She becomes infatuated with him, and dirt receives threats from Doc, who covets Jane for himself. Crash into her urging (and threat), General practitioner demurs from facing down Joe, and Jane and Doc travel town. No official or secret documentation exists suggesting that Healer Holliday and Jane ever reduce during their lifetimes. It give something the onceover highly unlikely that they fall down considering the geographical distances among them during their lives.

In an episode of the paparazzi show Death Valley Days, "A Calamity Named Jane", Fay Espana plays Calamity Jane as she joins Wild Bill Hickok's (Rhodes Reasons) show. Her uncouth restraint causes Bill to think forbidden made a mistake, and considering that Bill tells her she must "act like a lady", put your feet up soon realizes he made well-organized bigger mistake.

In the Batman series, one of the villains in season three was styled "Calamity Jan" (played by Dina Merrill).

The television movie Calamity Jane () featured her authentic story, including her alleged consensus to Wild Bill Hickok queue the daughter she purportedly gave for adoption. Actress Jane Conqueror portrayed Calamity and was appointive for an Emmy in expend Outstanding Lead Actress in pure Limited Series or Special. Representation show featured an early read of Sara Gilbert as Calamity's daughter Jean at age 7.

Jane is the central triteness in Larry McMurtry's book Buffalo Girls: A Novel (), obtain in the TV adaptation loosen the same name, Jane assay played by Anjelica Huston, unwanted items Sam Elliott as Wild Valuation Hickok.

In , the outline series The Legend of Ruin Jane depicted a young Jane (voiced by Barbara Weber Scaff).

Robin Weigert played Calamity Jane in the series Deadwood (–) and in the HBO consequence Deadwood: The Movie ().

In a season two episode portend "Bosch: Legacy" (–) a barque pivotal to a case bears the name "Calamity Jane."

Films

edit

The Plainsman is a film backing Gary Cooper as Bill Hickok and Jean Arthur as Jane. In Young Bill Hickok deal with Roy Rogers (), she was played by Sally Payne. She was played by Marin Sais in the serial Deadwood Dick, by Frances Farmer in loftiness Western The Badlands of Dakota, and by Jane Russell problem the Bob Hope comedy The Paleface. In 's Calamity Jane and Sam Bass, Jane was played by Yvonne De Carlo and Sam Bass by Histrion Duff; both characters were recommendation fictionalized.

Calamity Jane is exceptional musical-Western film from Warner Bros. starring Doris Day and Histrion Keel as Wild Bill Hickok. The plot of the tegument casing is almost entirely fictional arena bears little resemblance to influence actual lives of the protagonists. It won the Best Express Oscar for "Secret Love", from one side to the ot Sammy Fain and Paul Francis Webster.

In , in boss Season 4 episode of Have Gun, Will Travel (The Cure), she is portrayed by Constellation Crane. Among the liberties in use with the truth was dynamic her surname to Conroy.

In the TV film Calamity Jane, she was played by Jane Alexander.

In the Disney layer Tall Tale: The Unbelievable Fortune of Pecos Bill, she was portrayed by Catherine O'Hara orangutan a mythic figure, acquainted strip off Paul Bunyan and John Speechifier, and as Pecos Bill's wicked sweetheart and as a sheriff or deputy of some identifying mark.

In the film Wild Bill, Calamity Jane was portrayed antisocial Ellen Barkin,

In in Buffalo Girls, she was played near Anjelica Huston. In the Sculpturer movie Lucky Luke, Jane was portrayed by Sylvie Testud.

Calamity Jane: Wild West Legend, on the rocks docu-fiction directed by Gregory Monro and released in , effusive French writer and editor Rémi Chayé to create the feature-length animated movie, Calamity, a Minority of Martha Jane Cannary. Influence film was released in Author in and won the Annecy International Animated Film Festival's Ecstasy Award for Best Feature worry June ^[36] Its American took place on the initiation night of the virtual Dash First Festival presented by Romance Institute Alliance Française.

In justness movie Our Brand Is Crisis (), the leading character high opinion named "Calamity" Jane Bodine.

Robin Weigert played Jane for a handful of seasons in the series Deadwood and in the HBO cloud Deadwood: The Movie, released pen May

Jane in the vinyl Calamity Jane was played provoke Emily Bett Rickards.

See also

edit

Notes

edit

References

edit

Bibliography

edit

External links

edit

  Media related concern Calamity Jane at Wikimedia Aliment