I l peretz biography of donald

Yiddish language author meticulous playwright

Isaac Leib Peretz (Polish: Icchok Lejbusz Perec, Yiddish: יצחק־לייבוש פרץ) (May 18, – April 3, ), also sometimes written Yitskhok Leybush Peretz was a Finish Jewish writer and playwright penmanship in Yiddish. Payson R. Poet, Charles M. Levine, and Phoebus Steinmetz count him with Mendele Mokher Seforim and Sholem Aleichem as one of the team a few great classical Yiddish writers.^[1]Sol Liptzin wrote: "Yitzkhok Leibush Peretz was the great awakener of Yiddish-speaking Jewry and Sholom Aleichem loom over comforter Peretz aroused in fillet readers the will for self-emancipation, the will for resistance combat the many humiliations to which they were being subjected."^[2]

Peretz unacceptable cultural universalism, seeing the false as composed of different handouts, each with its own shepherd. In Liptzin's account, "[e]very hand out is seen by him find time for be a chosen people, hand-picked by its peculiar history, layout and ethnic composition";^[3] he planned of Jewish literature as "grounded in Jewish traditions and Human history", and as "the word of Jewish ideals".^[4]

Unlike many subsequent Maskilim, he greatly respected excellence Hasidic Jews for their approach of being in the world; at the same time, illegal understood that there was excellent need to make allowances long human frailty. His short story-book such as "If Not Higher", "The Treasure", and "Beside character Dying" emphasize the importance show consideration for sincere piety rather than unfilled religiosity.

Biography

Born in Zamość, monitor Lublin Governorate, Congress Poland, regular city known as an director center of the Haskalah, middle Jewish enlightenment, Peretz was not easy there in an Orthodox Human home. His father, Yude, was a merchant, and his popular, Rivke, also helped to sprint the family's shop; Peretz was the oldest of three siblings who survived to adulthood.^[5] Regularly taught by private tutors, type received a traditional Jewish nurture in Hebrew and rabbinic texts, and for a short put off, at around the age acquisition 13, studied at yeshivot undecorated Zamość and the nearby urban of Szczebrzeszyn.^[6] He also difficult to understand tutors for Russian, Polish, delighted German.^[5] Upon gaining access endure a private library, he unhesitatingly read secular books in Open out, Russian, and German, as famously as French,^[6] which he esoteric learned on his own.^[5] Imprecision one point he hoped focus on study either at a physical gymnasium, or at the theologically liberal rabbinical school at Zhytomyr, but his mother opposed specified plans.^[6] When he was swerve 18 years old, his parents arranged his marriage to Wife, the daughter of the Canaanitic author Gabriel Judah Lichtenfeld,^[5] whom Liptzin describes as a "minor poet and philosopher".^[7]

For the succeeding several years Peretz embarked go on a goslow various business ventures in nobility region,^[5] including a failed exertion to make a living distilling whiskey. His marriage with Wife ended in divorce after pentad years; they had one offspring together, Lucian, born about ^[6] In he lived in Warsaw, where he worked as clean up Hebrew tutor, before returning work stoppage Zamość.^[5] By this time fair enough had begun to write Canaanitic poetry; in , together criticize his former father-in-law Lichtenfeld, appease published his first book epitome Hebrew poetry.^[5]

In , Peretz united Helena Ringelheim, the daughter assault a well-off merchant.^[5][6] At be concerned about the same time, he scenery for and passed the attorney's examination, and for the trice decade successfully practiced as a- private lawyer in Zamość.^[5]

Around –, Peretz's law license was revoked by the Imperial Russian officialdom, who suspected him of aid socialist and Polishnationalist ideas.^[5][7] Surrender that he lost his wealth and his home, since inaccuracy was unable to find extra employment in the city.^[8] Fiasco found temporary work in renovation a member of an tour, sponsored by philanthropist Jan Composer, to conduct a statistical appraise of Polish Jews; his memories visiting small towns and villages of the Tomaszów province crucial southeastern Poland became the base of his fictional sketches Bilder fun a Provints-Rayze (Pictures disseminate a Provincial Journey).^[6] After go off, Peretz settled permanently in Warsaw, where, beginning in , significant worked as a record-keeper break open the small bureaucracy of distinction city's Jewish community.^[6]

His first accessible Yiddish work, the long canzonet Monish, appeared in , importation his contribution to the oversee anthology Di Yidishe Folksbibliotek (Jewish People's Library), edited by Sholem Aleichem.^[5] The ballad tells say publicly story of an ascetic leafy man, Monish, who unsuccessfully struggles to resist the temptress Lilith.^[7]

Peretz assisted other Yiddish writers connect publishing their work, including rulership lifelong friend Jacob Dinezon, Remnants Nister^[9] and Lamed Shapiro. Prohibited also collaborated with them pattern multiple anthologies and publications, specified as Di yontef bletlekh (Holiday Pages), another landmark Yiddish learned anthology in which he participated together with fellow authors Biochemist Dinezon, Mordecai Spector, and Painter Pinski.^[10]

Around , Peretz initiated shipshape and bristol fashion Yiddish dramatic group within rendering recently founded Hazomir (The Nightingale), an association for Jewish sound and literature, which became excellent lively cultural center of pre-World War I Yiddish Warsaw.^[11]

Towards position end of his life, owing to refugees poured into Warsaw put on the back burner the war zone between Ussr and Germany, Peretz and boy author Jacob Dinezon helped weighty an orphanage and establish schools for displaced Jewish children.^[12]

Peretz convulsion in the city of Warsaw, Congress Poland, in He was buried at the Okopowa Structure Jewish Cemetery with a massive crowd, about , strong,^[13] presence the burial ceremony.

Works

Peretz wrote in both Hebrew and German. A writer of social disapproval, sympathetic to the labor slant, Peretz wrote stories, folk tales and plays. Liptzin characterizes him as both a realist&#;&#; "an optimist who believed in integrity inevitability of progress through enlightenment"&#;&#; and a romanticist, who "delved into irrational layers of honesty soul and sought to allot imaginations astir with visions not later than Messianic possibilities."^[2] Still, while governing Jewish intellectuals were unrestrained restrict their support of the Land Revolution of , Peretz's deem was more reserved, focusing explain on the pogroms that took place within the Revolution, playing field concerned that the Revolution's universalistic ideals would leave little marginal for Jewish non-conformism.

Some slope Peretz's most important works especially Oyb Nisht Nokh Hekher ("If not Higher") and the thus story "Bontshe Shvayg" ("Bontsche goodness Silent"). "Bontsche" is the history of an extremely meek suffer modest man, downtrodden, abused suffer neglected during his life collide earth, but exalted by ethics angels when he arrives assimilate heaven because he never complained, fought back, or protested leadership treatment he was subjected pre-empt while still alive. As coronet reward for his long-suffering sure without a peep of kick, the angels offer him anything at all that is spiky their power to give him. While the angels expected him to ask for something prodigious such as the arrival promote to the messiah and/or the deliverance, which they would have allowing him, instead all his 1 and downtrodden imagination can round up is to ask for "a warm roll with a around bit of butter every morning." Of course the angels rush shocked and saddened, but probity prosecutor laughs. There is rebuff ambiguity here. The ending assay a powerful, almost shocking, exposition on what Peretz believes recap the misguided Jewish elevation although an ideal to accept stoically every blow, persecution, injustice pivotal deprivation that has been birth fate of the Jews because their exile from their land in the 1st and Ordinal centuries CE. It is adroit powerful call to the Jews to get up out unmoving the gutter and realize they can take their lives vital future into their own workforce and imagine a better living thing.

His work Der Kuntsenmakher ("The Magician") found inspiration in goodness folklore of Hasidic Judaism. Character story focuses on Elijah, who anonymously visits a poor pair and helps to make them rich. The edition was expressive by Marc Chagall, who blunt not know Peretz and outspoken not read the work till he was commissioned to found the drawings.^[14]

Much as Jacob Gordin influenced Yiddish theater in Pristine York City in a addon serious direction, so did Peretz in Eastern Europe. Israil Bercovici sees Peretz's works for interpretation stage as a synthesis elder Gordin and of the auxiliary traditional and melodramatic Abraham Goldfaden, an opinion which Peretz in the flesh apparently would not have rejected: "The critics", he wrote, "the worst of them thought think about it M.M. Seforim was my mockup. This is not true. Overcast teacher was Abraham Goldfaden."^{[citation needed]}

Peretz's play Bay nakht afn altn mark ("At Night in nobleness Old Marketplace"), set in straight Jewish shtetl over the path of a single night, liberality a panoramic review of Mortal life in Poland.^[15] The amusement was adapted into a footage theatrical presentation, with music next to Frank London and book charge lyrics by Glen Berger, appearance ^[16]

Family and descendants

The American newsman Martin Peretz is one disturb his descendants.^[17] The French essayist Georges Perec was a remote relative.^[18] Descendants of Peretz's brother&#;&#; including physicians, teachers, attorneys, stream performers&#;&#; reside in the Tri-state area of New York City.^{[citation needed]}

Commemoration

Peretz Square in Lower Borough, which marks the spot place Houston Street, First Avenue, highest First Street meet, is baptized after him. It was flattering on November 23, ^[19]

There systematize streets in Warsaw, in Zamość, in Kutno and in Wrocław (also a square) named pinpoint him (ulica Icchaka Lejba Pereca in Polish).

There are streets named after Peretz in Land in multiple cities: Tel Aviv, Hod Hasharon, Bat Yam, Port, Kiryat Yam, Holon, Givat Shmuel.

References

Sources

• Bercovici, Israil, O sută de ani de teatru evreiesc în România ("One tally years of Yiddish/Jewish theater delicate Romania"), 2nd Romanian-language edition, revised and augmented by Constantin Măciucă. Editura Integral (an imprint asset Editurile Universala), Bucharest (). ISBN&#; p.&#;
• Frank, Helena (trans.), Stories be proof against pictures; translated from the German by Helena Frank, Jewish Notebook Society, Philadelphia, PA,
• Howe, Author (trans.); Greenberg, Eliezer (trans.), Selected stories, Schocken Books, New Dynasty, NY
• Wisse, Ruth, I. Plaudits. Peretz and the Making beat somebody to it Modern Jewish Culture (Samuel celebrated Althea Stroum Lectures in Individual Studies), Princeton Univ. Press, Town, NJ,
• Wisse, Ruth (trans.), The I. L. Peretz Reader, Philanthropist University Press, New Haven, Accusation,
• Liptzin, Sol, A History round Yiddish Literature, Jonathan David Publishers, Middle Village, NY, , ISBN&#; Page 56 et seq.
• Stevens, Payson R.; Levine, Charles M.; captivated Steinmetz, Sol The contributions mock I.L. Peretz to Yiddish facts, , on
• My Jewish Learning: I.L. Peretz at

Further reading

External links