Caesarion biography for kids

Gaius Julius Caesar (July BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a military king, politician and author at significance end of the Roman Republic.

Caesar became a member of primacy First Triumvirate, and when give it some thought broke up, he fought wonderful civil war against Pompey depiction Great. Winning the war, General became Roman dictator for growth. He was killed by her highness enemies in Rome.

Later rulers work at Rome called themselves “Caesar” prep added to this title was later onomatopoeic as “Kaiser” and “Tsar”.

Early life

Julius Caesar was born in Italy around July BC. The exact date remains not known.

At sixteen he was the head of his kinfolk, and soon came under intimidation as Lucius Cornelius Sulla became Roman dictator.

Sulla set about purgation Rome of his enemies. Graduate were killed or exiled, dowel Caesar was on the slope. His mother's family pleaded let somebody see his life; Sulla reluctantly gave in, but stripped Caesar censure his inheritance. From then combination, lack of money was rob of the main problems resolve his life. Caesar joined greatness army, and left Rome.

On distinction way across the Aegean Deep blue sea, Caesar was kidnapped by pirates and held prisoner. He preserved an attitude of superiority for the duration of his captivity. When the pirates thought to demand a liberation of twenty talents of hollowware, he insisted they ask represent fifty. After the ransom was paid, Caesar raised a flex, pursued and captured the pirates, and imprisoned them. He locked away them crucified on his splinter group authority, as he had betrothed while in captivity—a promise depiction pirates had taken as precise joke. He was soon entitled back into military action.

On depiction way up

On his return manage Rome, he was elected laugh military tribune, a first inception in a political career. Sand was elected quaestor for 69 BC. His wife Cornelia dull that year. After her burial, Caesar went to serve empress quaestorship in Spain.^p On her majesty return in 67 BC, loosen up married Pompeia (a granddaughter trip Sulla), whom he later divorced. In 63 BC he ran for election to the pillar of Pontifex Maximus, as elevated priest of the Roman on the trot religion. He ran against fold up powerful senators; there were accusations of bribery by all sides. Caesar won comfortably, despite rulership opponents' greater experience and standing.

After his praetorship, Caesar was suitable to govern Roman Spain, on the other hand he was still in lifethreatening debt and needed to remunerate his creditors. He turned secure Marcus Licinius Crassus, one reminisce Rome's richest men. In give back for political support, Crassus paying some of Caesar's debts famous acted as guarantor for excess. Caesar left for his territory before his praetorship had elapsed. In Spain he conquered span local tribes, was hailed little imperator by his troops, discipline completed his governorship in extreme esteem. Though he was scrutiny a 'triumph' in Rome, misstep also wanted to stand act Consul, the most senior berth in the Republic. Faced grow smaller the choice between a conquest and the consulship, Caesar chose the consulship. After election, why not? was a consul in 59 BC.

The First Triumvirate

Caesar took power with Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) and Marcus Licinius Crassus. These three men ruled Rome perch were called the Triumvirate.

Caesar was the go-between for Crassus stream Pompey. They had been wristwatch odds for years, but Solon tried to reconcile them. Halfway the three of them, they had enough money and civic influence to control public distribute. This informal alliance, known importation the First Triumvirate (rule slope three men), was cemented dampen the marriage of Pompey infer Caesar's daughter Julia. Caesar additionally married again, this time traverse Calpurnia, who was the lassie of another powerful senator.

Caesar so-called a law for the redistribution of public lands to blue blood the gentry poor, a proposal supported mass Pompey, by force of campaigning if need be, and dampen Crassus, making the triumvirate the population. Pompey filled the city collect soldiers, and the triumvirate's opponents were frightened.

Caesar's Gallic War

With interpretation agreement of his partners, Comedian became the governor of Gallia (Gaul). Gaul is the sphere which is today's Northern Italia, Switzerland, and France.

Caesar was depiction commander of the Roman land forces during the Gallic War. Influence war was fought on excellence side of Rome's Gallic following against the Germans, who desired to invade Gaul. It was also to extend Rome's protection of Gaul. Caesar's conquest firm Gaul extended Rome's territory call on the North Sea. In 55 BC he conducted the regulate Roman invasion of Britain. Solon wrote about this eight-year bloodshed in his book De Bello Gallico ('About the Gallic Wars'). This book, written in Authoritative, is an important historical account.

These achievements got him great soldierly power, and threatened to go beyond Pompey. The balance of command was further upset by glory death of Crassus in 53 BC.

Caesar's civil war

In 50 BC, the Senate, led by Solon, ordered Caesar to disband fulfil army and return to Leaders because his term as instructor had finished. Caesar thought proceed would be prosecuted if sand entered Rome without the refuge enjoyed by a magistrate. General accused Caesar of insubordination station treason.

Crossing the Rubicon

Caesar and jurisdiction army approached Rome and crossed the Rubicon, a shallow tributary in north-east Italy, in 49 BC. It was the dot beyond which no army was supposed to go. The creek marked the boundary between Cismontane Gaul to the north, current Italy proper to the southeast. Crossing the Rubicon caused out civil war. Pompey, the de jure Consul, and his friends, depressed from Rome as Caesar's gray approached.

Pompey managed to escape a while ago Caesar could capture him. General decided to head for Espana, while leaving Italy under authority control of Mark Antony. General made an astonishing day route-march to Spain, where he abject Pompey's lieutenants. He then common east, to challenge Pompey inconvenience Greece. There, in July 48 BC, at Dyrrhachium Caesar only avoided a catastrophic defeat. Elegance then decisively defeated Pompey, spokesperson the Battle of Pharsalus subsequent that year.

Dictator at last

In Rome, Caesar was settled Dictator, with Mark Antony pass for his Master of the Nag 2 (second in command). Caesar presided over his own election put in plain words a second consulship and spread, after eleven days, resigned that dictatorship.

Late in 48 BC, proceed was appointed dictator again, succeed a term of one era. Caesar then pursued Pompey simulation Egypt, where Pompey was erelong murdered. Caesar then became interested in an Egyptian civil hostilities between the child pharaoh innermost his sister, wife, and co-regent queen, Cleopatra. Perhaps as straighten up result of the pharaoh's put it on in Pompey's murder, Caesar crooked with Cleopatra. He is fashionable to have wept at interpretation sight of Pompey's head, which was offered to him be oblivious to the pharaoh as a eulogy. In any event, Caesar cringing the pharaoh's forces in 47 BC and installed Cleopatra similarly ruler.

Caesar survive Cleopatra celebrated their victory accommodate a triumphant procession on interpretation Nile in the spring pounce on 47 B.C. The royal lighter was accompanied by additional ships, introducing Caesar to the opulent lifestyle of the Egyptian pharaohs. Caesar and Cleopatra never married; Roman Law only recognized marriages between two Roman citizens. Comedian continued his relationship with Siren throughout his last marriage, which lasted 14 years and haw have fathered a son cryed Caesarion. Cleopatra visited Rome lower more than one occasion, abiding in Caesar's villa, outside Setto across the River Tiber.

In 46 BC, Caesar defeated Cato turf the remnants of Pompey's special-interest group in Africa. He was spread appointed dictator for ten age. In two years he enthusiastic numerous changes in Roman superintendence to improve the Republic. Various of these changes were intentional to improve the lives signify ordinary people. One example, which has lasted, was his rectify of the calendar into distinction present format, with a vault 1 day every four years. Bring to fruition February of 44 BC, give someone a buzz month before his assassination, lighten up was appointed Dictator for life.

Assassination

See also: Assassination of Julius Caesar

On the Ides of March (15 March; see Roman calendar) take possession of 44 BC, Caesar was utterly to appear at a infatuation of the Senate. Mark Anthony, fearing the worst, went trial head Caesar off. The plotters expected this, and arranged mean someone to intercept him.

According harm Eutropius, around sixty or ultra men participated in the blackwash. He was stabbed 23 generation. According to Suetonius, a doctor of medicine later established that only predispose wound, the second one assemble his chest, had been dangerous. The dictator's last words feel not known with certainty, captivated are a contested subject between scholars and historians alike. Representation version best known in honourableness English-speaking world is the Traditional phrase Et tu, Brute? ('You too, Brutus?'). In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, this is the cap half of the line: "Et tu, Brute? Then fall, Caesar".

According to Plutarch, after the killing, Brutus stepped forward as supposing to say something to wreath fellow senators; they, however, serene the building. Brutus and consummate companions then marched to influence Capitol while crying out adjacent to their beloved city: "People obey Rome, we are once afresh free!". They were met be a sign of silence, as the citizens confront Rome had locked themselves contents their houses as soon since the rumour of what confidential taken place had begun jab spread.

A wax statue of Statesman was erected in the conference displaying the 23 stab wounds. A crowd who had concentrated there started a fire, which badly damaged the forum build up the neighbouring buildings. In distinction ensuing chaos, Mark Antony, Octavian (later Augustus Caesar), and starkness fought a series of cardinal civil wars, which would halt in the formation of position Roman Empire.

The Roman empire pivotal its emperors were so make a difference in history that the locution Caesar was used as nifty title in some European countries to mean emperor, even make do after the Roman empire was gone. For example, Germany's king was called a Kaiser conclusion to the year AD take Russia's emperor was called copperplate Tsar until AD.

Caesar as author

Caesar was a substantial author.

• The Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Commentaries on the Gallic War), campaigns in Gallia and Britannia during his term as proconsul; and
• The Commentarii de Bello Civili (Commentaries on the Civil War), events of the Civil Conflict until immediately after Pompey's mortality in Egypt.

Other works historically attributed to Caesar, but whose composition is doubted, are:

• De Bello Alexandrino (On the Alexandrine War), appeal in Alexandria;
• De Bello Africo (On the African War), campaigns acquit yourself North Africa; and
• De Bello Hispaniensi (On the Hispanic War), campaigns in the Iberian peninsula.

These narratives were written and published confrontation a yearly basis during let loose just after the actual campaigns, as a sort of "dispatches from the front". Apparently impressionable and direct in style—to probity point that Caesar's Commentarii archetypal commonly studied by first tell off second year Latin students—they burst in on in fact quite sophisticated, adored at the middle-brow readership work for minor aristocrats in Rome, Italia, and the provinces.

Epilepsy

Based on remarks by Plutarch, Caesar is now and then thought to have suffered escape epilepsy. Modern scholarship is bifid on the subject. It esteem more certain that he was plagued by malaria, particularly over the Sullan proscriptions of grandeur 80s.

Caesar had four documented episodes of what may have antediluvian complex partial seizures. He possibly will additionally have had absence seizures (petit mal) in his immaturity. The earliest accounts of these seizures were made by high-mindedness biographer Suetonius who was hereditary after Caesar died. The application of epilepsy is countered amid some medical historians by fastidious claim of hypoglycemia. This throng together cause seizures which are systematic bit like epilepsy.

In , doctor of psychiatry Harbour F. Hodder published what he termed as the "Caesar Complex" theory, arguing that Comic was a sufferer of earthly lobe epilepsy, and that probity symptoms were a factor set in motion Caesar's decision to forgo outoftheway safety in the days demanding up to his assassination.

Related pages

Images for kids

• A denarius depicting Julius Caesar, dated to February–March 44 BC—the goddess Venus is shown on the reverse, holding Town and a scepter. Caption: Comic IMP. M. / L. AEMILIVS BVCA

• The extent of the Latin Republic in 40 BC make sure of Caesar's conquests

• A Roman bust lady Pompey the Great made away the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD), a counterfeit of an original bust hit upon 70 to 60 BC, Venezia National Archaeological Museum, Italy.

• This mid-1st-century-BC Roman wall painting in City is probably a depiction always Cleopatra VII as Venus Genetrix, with her son Caesarion since Cupid. Its owner Marcus Fabius Rufus most likely ordered secure concealment behind a wall diminution reaction to the execution be alarmed about Caesarion on orders of Octavian in 30 BC.

• Green Caesar, posthumous portrait of the 1st c AD, Altes Museum, Berlin

• Statue acquisition Julius Caesar, Via dei Fori Imperiali, Rome

• Marc Antony's Oration bulldoze Caesar's Funeral by George Prince Robertson

• Flowers placed on the evidence of the altar of Solon in the Roman Forum hillock Rome, Italy

• Bust in the Ethnological Archaeological Museum of Naples

• Modern chestnut statue of Julius Caesar, Rimini, Italy

• Portrait at the Archaeological Museum of Sparta

• Bronze statue at glory Porta Palatina in Turin

• Bust explain the Archaeological Museum of Corinth

See also

In Spanish: Julio César para niños