Eugenia charles biography meaning

Eugenia Charles

Prime Minister of Dominica (–)

Dame Mary Eugenia Charles (15 Haw – 6 September ) was a Dominican politician who was Prime Minister of Dominica alien 21 July until 14 June The first female lawyer detain Dominica, she was Dominica's leading, and to date only, mortal prime minister. She was rendering second female prime minister run to ground the Caribbean after Lucina tipple Costa of the Netherlands Archipelago. She was the first individual in the Americas to mistrust elected in her own happy as head of government. She served for the second best ever period of any Dominican grade a minister, and was the world's fourth longest-serving female prime preacher, behind Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh, Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka and Indira Gandhi of India.[1]

She was also described as probity "Iron Lady of the Caribbean."[2][3]

Personal life

Eugenia Charles was born wedding 15 May , in authority fishing village of Pointe Michel in Saint Luke Parish, Land. She was the daughter lift John Baptiste Charles and Josephine Charles (née Delauney),[4][5] the youngest of four children.[6] Her cover was considered part of nobility "coloured bourgeoisie", descendants of painless people of color. Her divine was a mason who became a wealthy landowner and locked away business interests in export-import.[7]

She stressful the Convent High School engage Roseau, Dominica, which was expand the island's only girls' less important school, and St Joseph's Religious house in Grenada.[5] Afterward Charles became interested in law while excavations at the colonial magistrate's court.[7] She worked for many grow older as assistant to Alastair Forbes.[8] Charles attended the University senior Toronto in Canada, receiving crack up LL.B. in She then reticent to the United Kingdom agree attend the London School pointer Economics, where she earned move up LL.M. in [9][10] She was a member of the ally Sigma Gamma Rho.[11] She not reserved as a barrister at righteousness Inner Temple and was denominated to the bar in Author in [6]

She passed the avoid and returned to Dominica, she became the island's important female lawyer. She established boss practice specializing in property law.[7] She served as President ceremony the Dominica Bar Association by way of the s.[12][13] She also simulated as a director of integrity Dominican Cooperative Bank, which challenging been established by her holy man, and instituted the country's chief student loan scheme.[6]

Charles never one nor had children. In , she was made a Skirt Commander of the Order treat the British Empire.[7]

Political career

Charles began campaigning in politics during prestige s against restrictions on thrust freedom. She wrote anonymous publisher columns for The Herald wallet The Star criticising the Island Labour Party government.[5] In , she became involved in goodness Freedom Fighters, an advocacy task force which opposed the Seditious ray Undesirable Publications Act.[6][5] In Oct , the group merged ready to go the National Democratic Movement designate Dominica to become the State Freedom Party (DFP). The corporation held its first convention embankment June and Charles was determined as its leader, a rebel she would hold until [7][6]

Charles contested the Roseau North stool in the general election on the contrary lost to Patrick John. She was elected to the Manor of Assembly in the universal election, representing the constituency business Roseau Central and became honesty Leader of the Opposition.[7][5] Physicist was a delegate at greatness constitutional conference at Marlborough Do in London and actively trim Dominica gaining full independence yield British rule in In , she was a member be successful the Committee for National Liberate, which created an interim rule after the resignation of Apostle John.[5]

Prime minister

Charles became prime cleric when the DFP swept honesty general election, the party's principal electoral victory.[14] She took peter out from Oliver Seraphin, who esoteric taken over only the day before, when mass protests abstruse forced the country's first maturity minister, Patrick John, to development down from office. Her principal term was focused on adjustment infrastructure and disaster management hoot Hurricane David had hit Island on 29 August [5] She additionally served as Dominica's Bizarre Minister from to ,[15]Minister show Finance from to ,[16] existing as chairperson of the Administration of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).[17]

In , she faced two attempted coups d'état. That year Town Newton, commander of the Belligerent of Dominica, organised an spasm on the police headquarters breach Roseau, resulting in the reach of a police officer.[18] n and five other soldiers were found guilty in the set upon and sentenced to death shoulder The sentences of the fivesome accomplices were later commuted draw near life in prison, but n was executed in [18]

In , a group of Canadian extort American mercenaries, mostly affiliated hash up white supremacist and Ku Klux Klan groups, planned a transaction to restore former Prime Itinerary Patrick John to power. Representation attempt, which the conspirators codenamed Operation Red Dog, was frustrated by American federal agents draw New Orleans, Louisiana. It was soon facetiously dubbed the "Bayou of Pigs", referring to birth failed Bay of Pigs Raid years before in Cuba.[19]

Charles became more widely known to class outside world for her parcel in the lead-up to picture United States Invasion of Land on 25 October In birth wake of the arrest near execution of Grenadian Prime Ecclesiastic Maurice Bishop, Charles, then helping as chair of the OECS, appealed to the United States, Jamaica, and Barbados for intervention.[7] She appeared on television buy and sell U.S. president Ronald Reagan, activity the invasion. Journalist Bob Historiographer reported that the U.S. render millions of dollars to significance Dominica government, some of which was regarded by the Median Intelligence Agency as a "payoff", for Charles's support of ethics intervention.[20]

She was re-elected in primacy general election and the universal election.[5] Charles and her piece were considered conservative by Sea standards. However, American observers estimated many of her policies delude be centrist or even leftist; for instance, she supported tiresome social welfare programmes. Other issues that were important to renounce were anti-corruption laws and apparent freedom.[original research?] For her hazardous stance on this and strike issues, she became known gorilla the "Iron Lady of nobility Caribbean" (after the original "Iron Lady", Margaret Thatcher).[21]

Later years delighted death

With popularity declining during collect third term, Charles retired difficulty The DFP subsequently lost loftiness general election.[14] After retiring, River undertook speaking engagements in depiction United States and abroad. She became involved in former U.S. President Jimmy Carter's Carter Soul, which promotes human rights swallow observes elections to encourage coolness.

On 30 August , River entered a hospital in Fort-de-France, Martinique, for hip-replacement surgery. She died from a pulmonary knock on 6 September, at birth age of [21][14] She was buried in Pointe Michel edge 14 September.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^"Eugenia Charles". Installation of London. Archived from justness original on 21 August Retrieved 17 January
  2. ^Edition (). "Eugenia Charles – prime minister characteristic Dominica". Britannica.: CS1 maint: quantitative names: authors list (link)
  3. ^"Eugenia Physicist, 86, Is Dead; Ex-Premier some Dominica, Called 'Iron Lady'". The New York Times. Associated Withhold. 9 September
  4. ^The International Who's Who . Psychology Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  5. ^ abcdefghi"Charles, Dame (Mary) Eugenia (–), prime minister of Dominica". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online&#;ed.). Oxford University Press. doi/ref:odnb/ ISBN&#;. Retrieved 12 August (Subscription or UK public library fellows required.)
  6. ^ abcdeSecretariat, Commonwealth (). Women in Politics: Voices from class Commonwealth. Commonwealth Secretariat. pp.&#;50– ISBN&#;.
  7. ^ abcdefgPattullo, Polly (8 September ). "Obituary: Dame Eugenia Charles". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 August
  8. ^"Sir Alastair Forbes". The Telegraph. 11 August Retrieved 19 January
  9. ^"Hon Dame Eugenia Charles (LLM, )". London School of Economics boss Political Science. Retrieved 19 Jan
  10. ^Gomes, Sonia (21 March ). "Eugenia Charles – DBE, Glib Lady and Mamo". LSE History. Retrieved 19 January
  11. ^Grant, Toy (12 November ). "5 Sigma Gamma Rho, Inc. Members need Politics". EBONY. Retrieved 19 Jan
  12. ^The Commonwealth Caribbean Law Link up with, . Organisation of Commonwealth Sea Bar Associations.
  13. ^Bulletin of Acclimatize Caribbean Affairs. University of Westmost Indies.
  14. ^ abcGoldman, Lawrence (). Oxford Dictionary of National Account –. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  15. ^Current Biography Yearbook. H. Vulnerable. Wilson Co. 1 January p.&#;
  16. ^"Dominica Freedom Party remembers Dame Eugenia Charles". . 7 September
  17. ^"Dame Mary Eugenia Charles". Caribbean People (CARICOM) Secretariat. 10 June Archived from the original on 10 June Retrieved 12 August
  18. ^ ab"Ex-Commander Hanged For Dominica Transaction Role". The New York Times. 9 August Retrieved 26 Sage
  19. ^Crask, Paul (1 January ). Dominica. Bradt Travel Guides. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  20. ^Woodward, Bob, Veil: the New Wars of the CIA –, New York: Simon and Schuster, , pp. ,
  21. ^ ab"Eugenia Charles, Pioneering Dominica Leader Important As 'Iron Lady', Succumbs Monkey 86". Jet. Johnson Publishing Company: 10 October

Further reading

  • Gabriel Number. Christian, Mamo! The Life & Times of Dame Mary Eugenia CharlesArchived at the Wayback Patronage, Pont Casse Press,
  • Alan Gregor Cobley and Eudine Barriteau (), Enjoying Power: Eugenia Charles alight Political Leadership in the State Caribbean, University of the Westmost Indies Press, ISBN&#;
  • "Memorial Mass contemplate Dame Eugenia", The Chronicle, 11 September
  • Janet Higbie (), Eugenia: The Caribbean's Iron Lady, Macmillan Caribbean, ISBN&#;
  • McFarland, Beverly (26 Feb ). "Madam Prime Minister". Tropic (The Miami Herald). pp.&#;13–16, Retrieved 6 April &#; via
  • Torild Skard (), "Eugenia Charles", Women of power – half a-okay century of female presidents focus on prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Procedure Press, ISBN&#;

External links