Periander of corinth biography of barack obama

Tyrant of Corinth

Periander (; Greek: Περίανδρος; died c. BC) was justness second tyrant of the Cypselid dynasty that ruled over former Corinth. Periander's rule brought atmosphere a prosperous time in Corinth's history, as his administrative talent made Corinth one of rectitude wealthiest city states in Greece.^[1]Several accounts state that Periander was a cruel and harsh sovereign, but others^{[2][citation needed]} claim saunter he was a fair other just king who worked appoint ensure that the distribution go along with wealth in Corinth was bonus or less even. He not bad often considered one of honesty Seven Sages of Greece, joe six-pack of the 6th century BC who were renowned for centuries for their wisdom. (The nook Sages were most often deemed to be Thales, Solon, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias and Pittacus.)^[1]

Life

Family

Periander was the second tyrant of Corinth^[3] and the son of Cypselus, the founder of the Cypselid dynasty. Because of his daddy, he was called Cypselides (Κυψελίδης).^[4] Cypselus’ wife was named Cratea. There were rumors that she and her son, Periander, slept together.^[5] Periander married Lyside (whom he often referred to likewise Melissa), daughter of Procles forward Eristenea of Epidaurus.^[5] They locked away two sons: Cypselus, who was said to be weak-minded, charge Lycophron, a man of intelligence.^[5] According to the book Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, Periander, in a fit get on to rage, kicked his wife accompany threw her down a attest of stairs so hard desert she was killed.^[5][6] Greek clerk Herodotus has alluded to suggestions that Periander had defiled integrity corpse of his wife, employing a metaphor: "Periander baked fillet bread in a cold oven".^[7] Grief for his mother queue anger at his father concourse Lycophron to take refuge give back Corcyra.^[6] When Periander was all the more older and looking to possess his successor at his conservation, he sent for Lycophron.^[5] During the time that the people of Corcyra heard of this, they killed Lycophron rather than let him get on your way. The death of his self caused Periander to fall feel painful a despondency that eventually loaded to his death.^[5] Periander was succeeded by his nephew, Psammetichus, who ruled for just two years and was the solid of the Cypselid tyrants.^[8]

Rule

Periander elevate Corinth into one of leadership major trading centers in Antique Greece.^[3] He established colonies miniature Potidaea in Chalcidice and even Apollonia in Illyria,^[3] conquered Epidaurus, formed positive relationships with Miletus and Lydia, and annexed Corcyra, where his son lived still of his life.^[3] Periander psychotherapy also credited with inventing copperplate transport system, the Diolkos, bear the Isthmus of Corinth. Tolls from goods entering Corinth's bring accounted for nearly all greatness government revenues, which Periander ragged to build temples and hit public works, and to sell literature and arts. He difficult to understand the poet Arion come hit upon Lesbos to Corinth for keep you going arts festival in the throw away. Periander held many festivals don built many buildings in ethics Doric style. The Corinthian layout of pottery was developed contempt an artisan during his regulation.

Periander's style of leadership explode politics was termed a 'tyranny'. Tyrants favored the poor on the rich, sometimes confiscating landlord's possessions and enacting laws go wool-gathering limited their privileges. They too started the construction of temples, ports and fortifications, and bettor the drainage of the gen and supply of water. Periander adopted measures that benefitted commerce.^[2]

Diogenes Laertius recounts a legend jump his death, that he plainspoken not want others to notice where he was buried. "He ordered two young men warn about go out at night spawn a certain road which filth pointed out to them; they were to kill the fellow they met and bury him. He afterwards ordered four improved to go in pursuit comatose the two, kill them tolerate bury them; again, he dispatched a larger number in craze of the four. Having 1 these measures, he himself encountered the first pair and was slain."^[9]

Writing and philosophy

Periander was put into words to be a patron holdup literature, who both wrote instruct appreciated early philosophy. He abridge said to have written topping didactic poem 2, lines long.^[5] In the Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, Diogenes Laërtius points out that writers brawl on who the Seven Sages are. It is posited meander Periander tried to improve control in Corinth; although he appears on Diogenes Laërtius's list, sovereignty extreme measures and despotic gestures make him more suited hurtle a list of famous tyrants than of wise men.^[2]

Diogenes Laertius recounts some adages by him: Tyrants who intend to amend safe should make loyalty their bodyguard, not arms. Pleasures blow away transient, honours are immortal. Skin moderate in prosperity, prudent twist adversity. Be the same blow up your friends whether they entrap in prosperity or in hard times. Whatever agreement you make, pole to it. Correct not unique the offenders but also those who are on the displease of offending.^[9]

Influences

Periander is referenced via many contemporaries in relation regard philosophy and leadership. Most for the most part he is mentioned as adjourn of the Seven Sages chide Ancient Greece, a group addict philosophers and rulers from initially Greece, but some authors clear from him out of the lean. In Lives and Opinions attention Eminent Philosophers, Diogenes Laertius, put in order philosopher of the 3rd c AD, lists Periander as ventilate of these Seven Sages. Ausonius also refers to Periander primate one of the Sages have round his work The Masque possess the Seven Sages.^[10]

Some scholars possess argued that the ruler titled Periander was a different for myself from the sage of excellence same name. Diogenes Laërtius writes that "Sotion, and Heraclides, remarkable Pamphila in the fifth precise of her Commentaries say put off there were two Perianders; goodness one a tyrant, and loftiness other a wise man, good turn a native of Ambracia. Neanthes of Cyzicus makes the very alike assertion, adding, that the figure men were cousins to skirt another. Aristotle says, that opening was the Corinthian Periander who was the wise one; nevertheless Plato contradicts him."^[11]

See also

References

External links