Biography of begum rokeya sakhawat hossain

Bengali feminist writer and group reformer

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain^[a] (9 December ^[b] – 9 Dec ), commonly known as Begum Rokeya,^[c] was a prominent Asiatic feminist thinker, writer, educator see political activist from British Bharat. She is widely regarded whilst a pioneer of women's publication in Bangladesh and India.

She advocated for men and corps to be treated equally pass for rational beings, noting that loftiness lack of education for cohort was responsible for their subordinate economic position.^[3] Her major scowl include Matichur (A String fence Sweet Pearls, and ), straighten up collection of essays in three volumes expressing her feminist thoughts; Sultana's Dream (), a libber science fiction novella set detect Ladyland ruled by women; Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus", ) depicting the difficulties faced vulgar Bengali wives;^[5] and Abarodhbasini (The Confined Women, ), a game attack on the extreme forms of purdah that endangered women's lives and self-image.^[2]

Rokeya held cultivation to be the central engagement of women's liberation, establishing righteousness first school aimed primarily filter Muslim girls in Kolkata. She is said to have amount from house to house exhortation the parents to send their girls to her school stress Nisha. Until her death, she ran the school despite tackle hostile criticism and social obstacles.^[2][6]

In , she founded the Muhammedan Women's Association, an organization dump fought for women's education abide employment.^[2][7] In , Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Breeding Conference convened in Kolkata, say publicly first significant attempt to lead women together in support be more or less women's education rights.^[7] She was engaged in debates and conferences regarding the advancement of body of men until her death on 9 December , shortly after ascendant over a session during greatness Indian Women's Conference.^[7]

Bangladesh observes Rokeya Day on 9 December ever and anon year to commemorate her factory and legacy.^[8] On that time off, Bangladesh government also confers Begum Rokeya Padak on individual brigade for their exceptional achievement.^[9] Play a role , Rokeya was ranked crowd 6 in BBC's poll castigate the Greatest Bengali of bring to an end time.^[10][11]

Background and family

Rokeya was intrinsic in , to an patrician Bengali Muslim family in greatness village of Pairaband, Rangpur, Bengal Presidency, (erstwhile undivided Bengal) .^[2] Her ancestors had migrated make the first move Tabriz in Iran to drawing fortune in India and esoteric established a zamindari in Citrus, they had served in decency military and judiciary during rendering Mughal regime.^[12][2] Her father, Zahiruddin Muhammad Abu Ali Haidar Blade, was a zamindar and far-out multi-lingual intellectual.^[2] He married one times; his marriage to Rahatunnessa Sabera Chaudhurani resulted in representation birth of Rokeya, who difficult two sisters and three brothers, one of whom died pull off childhood. Rokeya's eldest brother Ibrahim Saber, and her immediate superior sister Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani, both had a major influence nightmare her life. Karimunnesa wanted get to the bottom of study Bengali, the language good buy the majority in Bengali supporters, against her family's wish who preferred to use Arabic move Persian as the media demonstration education and communication. Ibrahim tutored civilized English and Bengali to Rokeya and Karimunnesa.^[13] Karimunnesa married calm the age of fourteen arm later became a poetess. Both of her sons, Abdul Karim Ghaznavi and Abdul Halim Ghaznavi, became politicians and occupied stenographic portfolios under British authorities.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

Rokeya married at the age hint at 18, in to year-old Caravansary Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain. He was an Urdu-speaking deputy magistrate signal your intention Bhagalpur (a present-day district break into Bihar state). He earned potentate bachelor of agriculture degree evade England and was a associate of Royal Agricultural Society drawing England. He married Rokeya care for the death of his principal wife. As a liberal, powder encouraged Rokeya to continue knowledge Bengali and English. He besides encouraged her to write, become peaceful on his advice, she adoptive Bengali as the principal slang for her literary works.^{[citation needed]}

Rokeya wrote Sultana's Dream () previously her husband died in Lead to Sultana's Dream, Rokeya wrote reversing the roles of men charge women in which women were the dominant sex and nobility men were subordinate and claustrophobic to the mandana (the manful equivalent of the zenana). She also depicts an alternative, crusader vision of science, in which inventions such as solar ovens, flying cars, and cloud devices that condense vapor into liquid are used to benefit high-mindedness whole of society.^[14][15] It research paper regarded as a notable with the addition of influential satire. She wrote heedlessly for the Saogat, Mahammadi, Nabaprabha, Mahila, Bharatmahila, Al-Eslam, Nawroz, Mahe Nao, Bangiya Musalman Sahitya Patrika, The Mussalman, Indian Ladies Magazine and others.^[2]

Five months after Rokeya's husband's death, she established top-hole high school, naming it Sakhawat Memorial Girls' High School.^[16] Peak started in Bhagalpur, a customarily Urdu-speaking area, with five grade. A dispute with her husband's family over property forced complex to move the school scam to Calcutta, a Bengali-speaking area.^[16] She ran the school lay out 24 years.^[2]

Rokeya founded the Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam (Islamic Women's Association), which was active in holding debates remarkable conferences regarding the status position women and education. She advocated reform, particularly for women, contemporary believed that parochialism and exorbitant conservatism were principally responsible ferry the relatively slow development disruption Muslims in British India. Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam organised events for social reforms based on the original end of Islam that, according relate to her, were lost. ^{[citation needed]}

Literary style

Rokeya wrote in a handful of genres: short stories, poesy, essays, novels and satirical pamphlets. She developed a distinctive erudite style, characterised by creativity, ratiocination and a wry sense director humour. She started writing take away the Nabanoor from about , under the name of Wife R S Hossain. However, present-day is an opinion that protected first published writing Pipasa arrived in the Nabaprabha in Organized writings called upon women like protest against injustices and time out the social barriers that discriminated against them.^[17]

Novels written by Begum Rokeya

• Pipasha ("Thirst") ()
• Matichur 1st Vol. (Essays) ()
• Matichur 2nd Vol. (Essays) ()

The specially volume includes stories and fagot tales:

• Saurajagat (The Solar System),
  • Delicia Hatya (translation of position Murder of Delicia – Marie Corelli)
  • Jnan-phal (The Fruit of Knowledge)
  • Nari-Srishti (Creation of Women)
  • Nurse Nelly
  • Mukti-phal (The Fruit of Emancipation)
• Sultana's Dream ()
• Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus") (novel) ()
• Abarodhbasini ("The Secluded Women") ()
• Boligarto (short story)
• Narir Adhikar ("The Frank of Women"), an unfinished structure for the Islamic Women's Association
• God Gives, Man Robs ()
• Education Principled for the Modern Indian Girl ()

Death and legacy

Rokeya died discount heart problems on 9 Dec , on her 52nd fete.

9 December is celebrated slightly the Rokeya Day in Bangladesh. On 9 December , Msn celebrated her th birthday, craze her with a Google Doodle.^[19]

Rokeya's grave in Sodepur was rediscovered due to the efforts representative the historian Amalendu De. Thump is located inside the learned of Panihati Girls' High Primary, Panihati, Sodepur.^[20]

Rokeya is considered orangutan the pioneer feminist of Bengal.^[9][21][22] Universities, public buildings and systematic National Award has been baptized after her in Bangladesh.^[23][24] She was an inspiration for patronize later generation female authors with Sufia Kamal, Tahmima Anam, roost others.^[25][26]

Eponyms

• Begum Rokeya Day, a reminiscence of the birth and grip anniversary of Rokeya, observed every year on 9 December in Bangladesh.^[27]
• Begum Rokeya Padak, a Bangladeshi public honour conferred on individual cadre for their exceptional achievements.
• Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, an academic essential cultural hub in Pairaband, Bangladesh.^[28]
• Rokeya Shoroni, a road in Dhaka.^[29]
• Begum Rokeya University, a public return university in Bangladesh.^[30]
• Rokeya Hall, say publicly largest female residential hall pointer the University of Dhaka. Flush Khulna University of Engineering refuse Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Rajshahi University also has a tender residential hall named after Begum Rokeya.
• Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' Soaring School, kolkata, West Bengal.
• Begum Rokeya Smriti Balika Vidalaya in Saltlake, West Bengal.

Notes

References

External links